寫在大地上的詩行——讀韓修存報(bào)告文學(xué)“大地三部曲”

(2020-10-19 09:04) 5934035

  今年7月,與韓修存應(yīng)邀參加第四屆江蘇省報(bào)告文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)儀式,他的《大地上的夢想》榮獲優(yōu)秀作品獎(jiǎng)。

  韓修存是位機(jī)關(guān)干部,平素地就像一棵扎根大地樸實(shí)無華的楊樹。走村串戶十四年,褲腿上沾滿露水泥巴,更與農(nóng)民沒啥分別。走在田間,誰也不懷疑他就是個(gè)泥腿子。就是這樣一個(gè)泥腿子,駐村扶貧14年,不僅被評為江蘇省扶貧先進(jìn)個(gè)人,還用一顆與時(shí)代同頻跳動(dòng)的心,思考創(chuàng)作,寫下令人砰然心動(dòng)的“組詩”——“大地三部曲”。身為作家的韓修存,一直關(guān)注“三農(nóng)”問題,試圖通過駐村這塊“試驗(yàn)田”,積極探求既能調(diào)動(dòng)農(nóng)民積極性,盡快擺脫貧困,又能防止兩極分化,追求社會(huì)公平的路子;既能讓百姓“富口袋”又能“富腦袋”的方法。通過親自參與的脫貧攻堅(jiān)、鄉(xiāng)村振興這一實(shí)踐,由點(diǎn)及面反映這一偉大的新時(shí)代,見證農(nóng)村社會(huì)的發(fā)展變遷,矢志不移地不斷尋求“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求與未來走向,為盡快讓農(nóng)民富起來,國家強(qiáng)起來問道探路!

  作為公務(wù)員,扶貧是韓修存的本職工作。一份魂?duì)繅衾@的工作干了十四年,已成為嵌入生命的深刻印記。他一面俯身親近大地,一面抬頭仰望天空。他的腳步走遍萬水千山,時(shí)刻不忘把大地當(dāng)作課堂,他同在這片土地上勞作的人們一道謀劃未來,冀望實(shí)現(xiàn)千年未竟的夢想,更期盼絢麗的時(shí)代之花在華夏大地吐綻芬芳。                      

  文學(xué)評論家孟繁華說:“在一切未果的時(shí)代,人內(nèi)心隱含的巨大困惑、矛盾和迷惘以及欲望與克制、困難與希望等,也格外復(fù)雜與豐富。作家如果能準(zhǔn)確感知和捕捉到這個(gè)時(shí)代究竟發(fā)生了什么,那他一定是文學(xué)的大贏家”。韓修存實(shí)現(xiàn)了文學(xué)創(chuàng)作與人生事業(yè)的雙贏——他的扶貧事跡入選國務(wù)院扶貧辦駐村幫扶典型案例,在全國文化系統(tǒng)僅此一例,驚動(dòng)了中央媒體,《中國文化報(bào)》、《鐵軍》等雜志,搜狐、新浪、人民網(wǎng)、中國文藝報(bào)、中國作協(xié)網(wǎng)等網(wǎng)站都進(jìn)行了報(bào)道。他的報(bào)告文學(xué)作品多次入選江蘇省作協(xié)重大題材文學(xué)創(chuàng)作工程及江蘇省作協(xié)定點(diǎn)生活作家項(xiàng)目。

  自古以來,作文與做人是統(tǒng)一的。韓柳歐蘇豈僅以文名世?無不是為官一任,造福一方,與民同憂樂,發(fā)而為心聲,遂成傳世佳作。  

  韓修存《大地上的夢想》在歷史的大背景下體驗(yàn)當(dāng)下的農(nóng)村生活??v向上將現(xiàn)實(shí)與過去的世界融會(huì)貫通,在前人的足跡中尋求農(nóng)民擺脫貧困的良方。橫向上則將一個(gè)點(diǎn)的生活與外面的世界融合貫通,在全國的大背景下體驗(yàn)今天一個(gè)村的生活,在中國三農(nóng)的“典型”中尋求創(chuàng)作的靈感。

  脫貧攻堅(jiān)是一項(xiàng)前無古人、造福后世的偉大事業(yè),韓修存作為這場事業(yè)的參與者、親歷者、見證者,他以大地作紙,以汗水為墨,用文學(xué)的筆法記錄總結(jié),用實(shí)踐者、建設(shè)者的眼光觀察思考,從千年農(nóng)業(yè)的成長記中,幫助人們尋求脫貧致富的思路;從貧困的原因中,幫助人們聽診把脈; 從稻麥的花開花落中獲得高產(chǎn)的秘訣;從它山之石的體制機(jī)制中開拓思路,獲得啟迪。對幫扶實(shí)戰(zhàn)中的成敗得失,酸甜苦辣進(jìn)行回味反思。通過人們的衣食住行感受脫貧攻堅(jiān)給人們帶來的實(shí)實(shí)在在的變化。

  作為“夢想”的延續(xù)與升華,《大地上的芬芳》采用了“雜取種種人,合成一個(gè)人”的方法,圍繞探索脫貧致富,鄉(xiāng)村振興的“地能怎么種?錢能怎么賺?人往哪里去?樓能怎么上?腦袋要怎么富?”這個(gè)思路做文章。生動(dòng)地記錄了成立“土地合作社”,抑制貧富懸殊;發(fā)展高效農(nóng)業(yè),扶持鐵桿莊稼;開展舊房拆遷,農(nóng)民上樓;發(fā)展“三來一加”,提倡“家門口就業(yè)”的過程;創(chuàng)新“扶貧+農(nóng)旅+電商”的脫貧致富新模式、開展電商扶貧解決農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷售難問題等,通過取火,點(diǎn)燈,培養(yǎng)典型等各種形式探索鄉(xiāng)村精神文明建設(shè)的新途徑。作品在紀(jì)實(shí)、寫實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上,以“取火”“點(diǎn)燈”為喻,象征精準(zhǔn)扶貧開發(fā)必能為農(nóng)村大地送去溫暖,并照亮鄉(xiāng)村的未來。

  口袋富了,還得富腦袋。社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀從國家戰(zhàn)略高度回答了我們要建設(shè)什么樣的國家、建設(shè)什么樣的社會(huì)、培養(yǎng)什么樣的公民等重大問題,是中華民族長期沉淀下來的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化智慧結(jié)晶。韓修存對如何理解和踐行社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀進(jìn)行了深刻思考,他以章回體紀(jì)實(shí)文學(xué)的形式,創(chuàng)作了一本匠心別運(yùn)獨(dú)具創(chuàng)意的書—《大地上的課堂》,創(chuàng)造性地將中小學(xué)語文、歷史、地理等多學(xué)科教學(xué)涉及的具體內(nèi)容融合在一起,將社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀潤物無聲地融匯在這盤大雜燴里,活色生香,讀來有滋有味。作者通過自己行蹤所至,以歷史人物和事件詮釋社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀,以潤物無聲的方式傳播價(jià)值觀。

  作者在孟州拜謁韓愈故里,追溯韓愈一生時(shí)說“韓愈所倡導(dǎo)的愛國、愛民、務(wù)實(shí)、友善與當(dāng)今的富強(qiáng)、民主·····誠信、友善價(jià)值取向有異曲同工之妙。”參觀廣州翠亨村,作者在文中說:“孫中山第一個(gè)喊出了振興中華的口號,實(shí)踐著‘愛國、敬業(yè)、誠信、友善的價(jià)值觀;為建立富強(qiáng)、民主、文明、和諧,自由、平等、公正、法治的新型國家而奔走呼號。’”這樣的銜接極其自然。建立高度文明的社會(huì)主義國家,不正是無數(shù)仁人志士的宏闊夢想么?像這樣的例子差不多每章都有?!洞蟮厣系恼n堂》通過對內(nèi)容的取舍、對地域文化與人物的客觀呈現(xiàn)與恰當(dāng)評價(jià),將價(jià)值觀教育日常化、具體化、形象化、生活化和通俗化,讓人既進(jìn)得去,又出得來。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  “之         “文之”為德亦大矣”(《文心雕龍》。“大地三部曲”是韓修存腳踏實(shí)地又心存高遠(yuǎn)的走心之作。它充分發(fā)揮報(bào)告文學(xué)的文體優(yōu)勢,以富有感染力的文學(xué)色彩和夾敘夾議的評論色彩點(diǎn)明題旨,增強(qiáng)作品的思想蘊(yùn)含。

  作品注重結(jié)撰藝術(shù),精心安排結(jié)構(gòu)。就其體系來說,“夢想”是主體,“課堂”是延伸,“芬芳”是暢想?!洞蟮厣系膲粝搿犯睒?biāo)題是“來自國家扶貧改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)的報(bào)告”,全書共分九章:貧困之原、幫扶之法、脫貧之方、千年回眸、他山之石、小康路上、牽手圓夢、中國三農(nóng)向何處去。從這些標(biāo)題可以看出,作者沒有簡單記錄自己的扶貧過程,而是跳開扶貧說扶貧,將個(gè)體的局部的扶貧歷程和個(gè)性特征及時(shí)代精神完美結(jié)合,產(chǎn)生了意想不到的表達(dá)效果。

  報(bào)告文學(xué)是新聞與文學(xué)的高度融合。韓修存首先是一位優(yōu)秀的散文和報(bào)告文學(xué)作家,作品散見于《散文選刊》、《人民日報(bào)》、《農(nóng)民日報(bào)》、《中國文化報(bào)》等國內(nèi)外主流媒體,曾獲報(bào)告文學(xué)創(chuàng)作獎(jiǎng)、全國散文大賽一等獎(jiǎng)、中國好新聞獎(jiǎng)等。因此他的報(bào)告文學(xué)作品既有一定的文獻(xiàn)史料價(jià)值,又有較強(qiáng)文學(xué)感染力。如寫鄉(xiāng)村旅游點(diǎn):“擴(kuò)版后的池衫園······最常見的是白鷺,看它們多開心??!有的在樹梢,展開矯健的翅膀,直沖藍(lán)天,都開喉嚨,一路高歌;有的在窩里,含飴弄孫養(yǎng)兒育女;有的在林下,如滑翔的飛機(jī),瞬間從天空疾沖而下,鉆入荷塘、水中,捕魚捉蝦。好一幅有動(dòng)有靜、有聲有色的‘池杉鷺鳥立體圖啊’”(《大地上的夢想》)涅槃的鄉(xiāng)村,在他筆下呈現(xiàn)出令人神往的美麗圖景。

  報(bào)告文學(xué)從誕生之日就呈現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的藝術(shù)感染力和嚴(yán)正的邏輯分析力高度融合的特征。這也是報(bào)告文學(xué)現(xiàn)實(shí)性與時(shí)代性的表現(xiàn)。韓修存在深入扶貧實(shí)踐的過程中,常常從“旁觀者”變成“當(dāng)事人”,站在現(xiàn)實(shí)立場上臧否人物、品評生活、明辨是非,毫不隱蔽自己的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。 “民事千千萬,化作繞指柔,在為民辦實(shí)事的過程中,我深深體會(huì)到公務(wù)員最快樂的事情就是:想民之所想,急民之所急,憂群眾之所憂,撲下身子為人民服務(wù)。”(《大地上的夢想》)?!洞蟮氐恼n堂》則更多采用敘事抒情議論相結(jié)合的方法,揭示人的精神世界。在《鐵血彭城》一章,說到淮海戰(zhàn)役,作者發(fā)出這樣的感慨:“戰(zhàn)爭說到底是人類自私與欲望惹的禍······只有人類切切實(shí)實(shí)地遠(yuǎn)離了自私與貪婪,人類的素質(zhì)普遍提高到空前的階段,人類有了一種共同、統(tǒng)一的文化,戰(zhàn)爭才會(huì)從地球上消失,人類才能安享和平的快樂!”短短一段話連用了八個(gè)“人類”,可見作者眼中的“課堂”并不在一時(shí)一地,而是在更加宏大的價(jià)值體系視域內(nèi),如此方能縱橫捭闔言近旨遠(yuǎn),醫(yī)治當(dāng)下人們知識、思想與精神境界方面的貧與病。

  著名作家周立波曾說:“報(bào)告文學(xué)的寫字間是整個(gè)社會(huì)”。韓修存努力使自己“沉”到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,以熱情、敏銳的觀察者和參與者身份謳歌時(shí)代,完成對偉大祖國浩蕩扶貧工程的獻(xiàn)禮。因而他的“大地三部曲”具有鮮明而突出的時(shí)代精神。在反映個(gè)體扶貧經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同時(shí),更注重選擇對億萬群眾更關(guān)心、更注目、更直接,因而也更能撥動(dòng)人心弦的人和事去描繪。他善于從千頭萬緒、錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜、充滿矛盾的人和事中,去“發(fā)現(xiàn)”那些具有典型意義的能夠真實(shí)反映時(shí)代和生活本質(zhì)的真人真事,憑借自己的努力,把扶貧這一題材盡量積極而完美地報(bào)告出來,并以精神之光去照亮它。這是平庸作家做不到的。(韓海濤